Resume Phonetics and Phonology

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RESUME OF PHONETIC AND PHONOLOGY

Name   : Naila Rajiha

NIM    : 113 13 043

Vowel and Consonant

Consonants p pen, copy, happen b back, baby, job t tea, tight, button d day, ladder, odd k key, clock, school g get, giggle, ghost tʃ church, match, nature dʒ judge, age, soldier f fat, coffee, rough, photo v view, heavy, move θ thing, author, path ð this, other, smooth s soon, cease, sister z zero, music, roses, buzz ʃ ship, sure, national ʒ pleasure, vision h hot, whole, ahead m more, hammer, sum n nice, know, funny, sun ŋ ring, anger, thanks, sung l light, valley, feel r right, wrong, sorry, arrange j yet, use, beauty, few w wet, one, when, queen ʔ (glottal stop) department, football

Vowels ɪ kit, bid, hymn, minute e dress, bed, head, many æ trap, bad ɒ lot, odd, wash ʌ strut, mud, love, blood ʊ foot, good, put iː fleece, sea, machine eɪ face, day, break aɪ price, high, try ɔɪ choice, boy uː goose, two, blue, group əʊ goat, show, no aʊ mouth, now ɪə near, here, weary eə square. fair, various ɑː start, father ɔː thought, law, north, war ʊə poor, jury, cure ɜː nurse, stir, learn, refer ə about, common, standard i happy, radiate. glorious u thank you, influence, situation n̩ suddenly, cotton l̩ middle, metal ˈ (stress mark)

Summary of  Places of Articulation

1.  Bilabial  (lips)   p b m w e.g pie, buy, mute, wood
2.  Labiodental   (lips and teeth)  f  fine v vine
3.  Dental  (tongue and teeth)  θ thin ð then
4.  Alveolar  (tongue and alveolar ridge) t d s z n l

e.g  t  tie    d  die    s Sue     z  zoo   n night  l  light

5.  Palato-alveolar  (tongue and front part of hard palate)

 ʃ  shoe ʒ  measure ʧ cheap ʤ jeep  r rack

6.  Palatal  (tongue and hard palate)  j  yes
7.  Velar  (tongue and velum)  k g ŋ curl girl rang
8.  Glottal  (glottis) h e.g stop

Summary of  Manner of Articulation

1. Plosive / Stop 

It is produced by some form of ‘stopping’ of the airstream (very briefly) then letting it go abruptly

 p b t d k g e.g pie bed tiny die curl

2. Fricative 

As the air is pushed through, a type of friction is produced and the resulting sounds are called fricatives.

f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ h e.g fish very think they sit zoo shoe measure

3. Affricate (stop + fricative)

When stop consonants make sweet love to fricative consonants, the bastard offspring is known as an affricate consonant

 ʧ ʤ  e.g chair  joke

4. Nasal

Most sounds are produced orally, with the velum raised, preventing airflow from entering the nasal cavity. However, when the velum is lowered and the airstream is allowed to flow out through the nose to produce [m], [n], and [ŋ], the sounds are described as nasals.

 m n ŋ e.g man nurse mango

5. Approximants

Approximants are created when two articulators come close together but not quite close enough to create air turbulence.

w r j (central) l (lateral) e.g water root January