Materi dari Kresna Institut Pare
1.POSIBILITY/kemungkinan (+/?)
6 tenses, 4 bentuk : S.pr/S.f : S + M + V1
Pr.c/F.c : S + M + Be + Ving
S.ps : S + M + Have + V3
Ps.c : S + M + Have + Been + Ving
Mungkin: Can, Could, May, Might, should, ought to
Persamaan (maybe, perhaps, probably [adv] possible [adj])
Pasti : Must, Will
Peramaan (Sure [adj])
Note: Khusus Will = AE: S.f/F.c
BE: S.pr/pr.c/s.f/f.c/s.ps/ps.c
Contoh
Anna look pale, she may be tired.
Maybe, she is tired
It is possible that she is tired
Where is Andi? May he be sleeping?
Yesterday Pram absent, he must have had coffee.
I’m Sure that he had had coffee
2. IMPOSIBLE/ ketidakmungkinan (-/-?)
6 tenses, 4 bentuk: Spr/S.f: S + M + Not + V1
Pr.c/F.c: S + M + Not + Be + Ving
S. ps : S + M + Not + Have + V3
Ps. C : S + M + Not + Have + been + ving
Tidak Mungkin: Cannot, Could not (impossible [adj]) 90%
Mungkin tidak: May not, might not (maybe…not, perhaps…not, probably…not, possible…not)
Pasti Tidak: Must not (Sure….not…)
Contoh
Today the weather is sunny, it must not rain
I am sure that it will not rain
Yesterday roma was lost, It might not have trained before
Perhaps, it didn’t train before
Because Ayun is a man, he cannot be pregnant
Could not
It is impossible that he I pregnant
SPONANEITY MEANING
3. WISHES/harapan atau doa (+/-)
4 tenses, 1 bentuk S.pr/ S.pr M + S + V1 + ./!
Pr.c/F.c M + S + Not + V1 + ./!
Semoga : May (selalu di inverse)
Yesterday, Alfa went to Surowono alone. My he be good.
May you have a nice dream!/ have a nice dream.
Risna & Ayyub have just been a couple. May they get married soon.
4. ABILIty / kemampuan (+/-/?/-?)
6 Tensis, 2 bentuk: S.pr/S.f S + Can + V1
Pr. C/ F.c
S.s/Ps.c --- S + Could + V1
Modal : Can --- Pr/f
Could – Ps dapat, bias, mampu
S.E.O.M: Be Able to (kbltlan)
CONTOH
Umi has been living in pare for 2 months, so she can speak English fluently
Last time ayyub was a good and fast runner, he would run 100 meters in 5 second
May we be able to pass the dare tomorrow!
5. NACESSITY/ keharusan (+/-/?/-?)
6 tensis: S. Pr/S.F (+) S + Must + V1
2 benuk Pr.c/F.c (-) S + Needn’t + V1--- BE
(-) S + do/does + not + have to + v1 - AE
(?) Must + S + V1
(-?) do/does + s + not + have to + V1? AE
Nedn’t + S + V1?--- BE
S.Ps/ Ps.C (+) S + Had + to + V1
(-) S + Hadn’t + to + V1 ---- B.E
(-) S + didn’t + have to + V1 --- A.E
(?) did + s + Have to + V1?
(-?) Didn’t + S + have to + V1?
Modal
Harus: Must
Tidak harus : Deedn’t---- B.E
Do/does/did + not have to ---- AE
SEOM Have to ---- formal
Have got to Informal Spoken English
Be to
Iis must go home to morrow/now
Sorry, last night I had to go earlier
If I cannot come tomorrow, you dnt have to be angry(a.e)
you needn’t be angry(b.e)
note: lampau harus mengguakan S.E.O.M
6. PROHIBITION / larangan (-)
4 tenses, 1 bentuk: S.pr/S.f S + Mustn’t + V1
Pr.c/F.c
Must not/ mustn’t = tidak boleh
Mesti subject you
Bob and Marie have just got married, so you must not disturb her anymore/don’t disturb her anymore.
7. ADVISABILITY/ Nasehat
6 tenses, 2 bentuk
Patterns
“Should and ought to”
S.pr/s.f (+) S + should/ought to + V1
Pr. C/ F.c (-) S + shouldn’t/oughtn’t to + V1
(?) Should + S + V1?
(?) Ought + S + to + V1?
(-?) Shouldn’t + S + V1?
(-?) Oughtn’t + S + to + V1?
S.ps/Ps.c (+) S + Should/ought to + have + V3
(-) S + + V3
(?) + V3
(-?) + V3
“Had Batter”
S.pr/S.f (+) S + had better + V1
Pr. c/ F.c (-) S + had better not + V1
(?) Had better + s + V1?
(-?) Had better + S + not + V1?
S.ps/ps.c-----*
Should --- Formal 1 nasehat tanpa ancaman
Ought to—Informal
Had Beetter--- Formal --- 1 nasehat disertai ancaman
In the last exam, your grade was bd. You should have studied before the exam.
You had better call him now, or he will go forever
Should I meet her tomorrow?
8. SUGGESTION/saran
6 tensis, 2 bentuk.
S. Pr/ S.F S + could + V1 or (s + could) + V1 or etc.
Pr.c/ F.c
S.ps/Ps.c S + could + have + V3 or (s + could have) + V3 or etc.
You could ask to your teacher or (you could) study together with me.
Should 1 nasehat tanpa solusi
Ought to
Had better----- 1 nasehat disertai ancman
Could------- 1 nasehat dgn lebih dr 1 solusi
9. EXPECTATION/pengharapan
(tanpa modal, hanya ada S.E.O.M masuk dismua tenses)
Be suppose to Di harapkan
Be to
Makna lain dari be to dan suppose to
Be to/ harus
Be supposed to/ seharusnya
Di harapkan
Be required to
Be expect to
Berharap
Hope to
Ditakdirkan
Be destined to
Dijadwalkan
Be scheduled to
Di harapkan
Be required to
Be expect to
Dipercaya
Be believed
Dijadwalkan
Be scheduled to
Tom hops to become a limber
Dian was destined to meet with Ayyub yesterday
Kita diharapkan datang e pesta itu
We are suppose to come to the party
Are to
10. HOBBIT IN PAST/ KEBIASAAN MASA LALU
2 tensis, 1 bentuk
Modal : Would (bukan kbtlan) dulu teriasa
S.E.O.M: Used to (kebetulan)
S.ps/ps.c: S + Would/Used to + V1
Variasi lain: Risna usually helped her mother
Risna got used to helping her mother
Risna was accustomed to helping her M.
11. PEREFERENCE/pilihan (+/-/?/-?)
6 tenses, 4 bentuk:
S. pr/s.f: S + Would rather + V1 then V1
Pr. C/ F.c: S + Would rather + be + Ving than (be) + Ving
S. Ps : S + Would rather + V3 than (have) + V3
Ps.c : S + would rather have + been + Ving than (have been) Ving
Zhi would rather be alonenominal than (be) shopped
Zhi would rather be alone than (be) shopped
Zhi would rather have been alone than (have) shopped
Zhi would rather have been alone than (have been) shopping
(?) would rather Zhi have eaten then (have) slept yesterday?
Variasi untuk noun
: S + Likevt + O (N/Ving) better than + O (N/Ving)
S + prefervt + (N/Ving) to + O (N/Ving)
S + prefervt + O (N/Ving) rather than + O (N/Ving)
Toupik would rather apple than orange
Toupik likes apple better than orange
Toupik prefers apple to orange
Toupik prefers apple rather than orange
12. REQUEST/ permintaan (?/-?)
4 tenses 1 bentuk S.pr/S.f/Pr.C/F.c : M + S + V1?
Subject “I, we, they, she, he, it”
May, Might, Could (formal) Bolehkah
Can (informal used if know each other)
“May, might, could, can” I sleep in your home?
Subject “you”
Will, Would, Could (formal) maukah
Can (informal used if know each other) sudihkah
Would you be my servan?
Variasi menggunakan maukah, keberatankah, sudihkah.
Would you like + to + V1…..? Would you like to come to my party?
Would you mind + Ving……?Would you mind coming to my party?
Would you mind if I + V2…?Would you mind if I came to my party?
Would you mind if I came to your party?
13. PERMISSION/ Perizinan (+/-/?/-?)
6 tenses 2 bentuk S. pr/Sf : S + may/can +V1
Pr.c/F.c
S. Ps/ Ps. C---- S + might/could + V1
May, can – Pr/F
Might/ Could – Past Boleh
S.E.O.M: Be allowed to (All tenses)
Ketika bertensis “past” maka harus menggunakan S.E.O.M
“Might/Could” dalam hal ini hanya untuk Drect-Inderect speech
Was Zhi allowed to visit Gp with her friend last night?
14. SEMI MODAL (+/-/?/-?)
Function
Need
Dare
Noun
V (ord)
V (modal)
Kebutuhan
Memerlukan
Tidak perlu
Tantangan
Menantang
Berani
Needn’t = tidak harus (necessity)
Dare = Berani
Need
Noun = kebutuhan (s/o)
S + V + O
I know your need/ your need is so mach
--- Verb ordinary= membutuhkan, butuh
S + Need + O (N, Np, Pron, G, To Inv.)
Nurul need to meet you/ I need you
Modal (tidak perlu)
S + Needn’t + v1 (nurul needn’t meet you)
Dare
Noun = tatangan (s/o)
S + V + O
I like your dare/ the dare does dare me
--- Verb ordinary= menantang, berani
S + dare + O (N, Np, Pron, To Inv.)
Zhi dares to go to the jungle alone
Modal (berani)
S + dare + v1 (Zhi dare come to Kresna alone)
Zhi dare dare Tom, for Tom’s dare does dare her.
12. REQUEST/ permintaan (?/-?)
4 tenses 1 bentuk S.pr/S.f/Pr.C/F.c : M + S + V1?
Subject “I, we, they, she, he, it”
May, Might, Could (formal) Bolehkah
Can (informal used if know each other)
“May, might, could, can” I sleep in your home?
Subject “you”
Will, Would, Could (formal) maukah
Can (informal used if know each other) sudihkah
Would you be my servan?
Variasi menggunakan maukah, keberatankah, sudihkah.
Would you like + to + V1…..? Would you like to come to my party?
Would you mind + Ving……?Would you mind coming to my party?
Would you mind if I + V2…?Would you mind if I came to my party?
Would you mind if I came to your party?
13. PERMISSION/ Perizinan (+/-/?/-?)
6 tenses 2 bentuk S. pr/Sf : S + may/can +V1
Pr.c/F.c
S. Ps/ Ps. C---- S + might/could + V1
May, can – Pr/F
Might/ Could – Past Boleh
S.E.O.M: Be allowed to (All tenses)
Ketika bertensis “past” maka harus menggunakan S.E.O.M
“Might/Could” dalam hal ini hanya untuk Drect-Inderect speech
Was Zhi allowed to visit Gp with her friend last night?
14. SEMI MODAL (+/-/?/-?)
Function
Need
Dare
Noun
V (ord)
V (modal)
Kebutuhan
Memerlukan
Tidak perlu
Tantangan
Menantang
Berani
Needn’t = tidak harus (necessity)
Dare = Berani
Need
Noun = kebutuhan (s/o)
S + V + O
I know your need/ your need is so mach
--- Verb ordinary= membutuhkan, butuh
S + Need + O (N, Np, Pron, G, To Inv.)
Nurul need to meet you/ I need you
Modal (tidak perlu)
S + Needn’t + v1 (nurul needn’t meet you)
Dare
Noun = tatangan (s/o)
S + V + O
I like your dare/ the dare does dare me
--- Verb ordinary= menantang, berani
S + dare + O (N, Np, Pron, To Inv.)
Zhi dares to go to the jungle alone
Modal (berani)
S + dare + v1 (Zhi dare come to Kresna alone)
Zhi dare dare Tom, for Tom’s dare does dare her.
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